This commit is contained in:
2026-09-06 01:06:15 +02:00
parent 04ee194227
commit 3afa31e90f
8 changed files with 107 additions and 119 deletions
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
-5
View File
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
import importlib
importlib.invalidate_caches()
import transition
print('has transform_images:', hasattr(transition, 'transform_images'))
print('transform_images object:', getattr(transition, 'transform_images', None))
+2 -2
View File
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
from PIL import Image from PIL import Image
def fix_image_resolution(image_path, size=(0,0)): def resize_image_to_resolution(image_path, size=(0, 0)):
if image_path == None or size == (0,0): if image_path is None or size == (0, 0):
return None return None
with Image.open(image_path) as image: with Image.open(image_path) as image:
+50 -50
View File
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ class ImageInterface:
def __init__(self, base_dir=None): def __init__(self, base_dir=None):
self.base_dir = Path(base_dir or Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent) self.base_dir = Path(base_dir or Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent)
self.image_sets = { self.image_sets = {
"source": self._load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "source" / "*.png")), "source": self.load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "source" / "*.png")),
"goal": self._load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "goal" / "*.png")), "goal": self.load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "goal" / "*.png")),
"shenanigans": self._load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "shenanigans" / "*.png")), "shenanigans": self.load_images(str(self.base_dir / "images" / "shenanigans" / "*.png")),
} }
self.current_category = None self.current_category = None
self.current_index = 0 self.current_index = 0
@@ -31,19 +31,19 @@ class ImageInterface:
"button": "#2b2b2b", "button": "#2b2b2b",
"button_hover": "#3a3a3a", "button_hover": "#3a3a3a",
} }
def _load_images(self, pattern): def load_images(self, pattern):
return sorted(glob(pattern)) return sorted(glob(pattern))
def _ensure_figure(self): def ensure_figure(self):
if self.figure is None: if self.figure is None:
self.figure = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6)) self.figure = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
self.key_connection_id = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self._on_key_press) self.key_connection_id = self.figure.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", self.on_key_press)
def _clear_layout(self): def clear_layout(self):
self._ensure_figure() self.ensure_figure()
self.figure.clf() self.figure.clf()
self.image_axis = None self.image_axis = None
self.list_axis = None self.list_axis = None
self.buttons = [] self.buttons = []
def _make_button(self, rect, label, callback): def make_button(self, rect, label, callback):
button_axis = self.figure.add_axes(rect) button_axis = self.figure.add_axes(rect)
button_axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["button"]) button_axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["button"])
button_axis.tick_params(left=False, labelleft=False, bottom=False, labelbottom=False) button_axis.tick_params(left=False, labelleft=False, bottom=False, labelbottom=False)
@@ -52,12 +52,12 @@ class ImageInterface:
button.on_clicked(callback) button.on_clicked(callback)
self.buttons.append(button) self.buttons.append(button)
return button return button
def _open_image(self, image_paths, index): def open_image(self, image_paths, index):
if not image_paths: if not image_paths:
return None return None
safe_index = max(0, min(index, len(image_paths) - 1)) safe_index = max(0, min(index, len(image_paths) - 1))
return Image.open(image_paths[safe_index]) return Image.open(image_paths[safe_index])
def _draw_image_panel(self, axis, image, title): def draw_image_panel(self, axis, image, title):
axis.clear() axis.clear()
axis.set_title(title) axis.set_title(title)
axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["panel"]) axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["panel"])
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ImageInterface:
axis.imshow(image) axis.imshow(image)
else: else:
axis.text(0.5, 0.5, "No images found", ha="center", va="center", color=self.colors["text"]) axis.text(0.5, 0.5, "No images found", ha="center", va="center", color=self.colors["text"])
def _draw_list_panel(self, axis, image_paths, current_index): def draw_list_panel(self, axis, image_paths, current_index):
axis.clear() axis.clear()
axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["panel"]) axis.set_facecolor(self.colors["panel"])
axis.axis("off") axis.axis("off")
@@ -83,19 +83,19 @@ class ImageInterface:
lines.append(f"{prefix}{name}") lines.append(f"{prefix}{name}")
axis.text(0.02, 0.98, "\n".join(lines), ha="left", va="top", family="monospace", color=self.colors["text"]) axis.text(0.02, 0.98, "\n".join(lines), ha="left", va="top", family="monospace", color=self.colors["text"])
axis.title.set_color(self.colors["text"]) axis.title.set_color(self.colors["text"])
def _show_menu(self): def show_menu(self):
self.current_category = None self.current_category = None
self._clear_layout() self.clear_layout()
self.figure.patch.set_facecolor(self.colors["figure"]) self.figure.patch.set_facecolor(self.colors["figure"])
self._menu_row(0.66, "Source Images", "source", lambda event: self._open_category("source")) self.menu_row(0.66, "Source Images", "source", lambda event: self.open_category("source"))
self._menu_row(0.50, "Goal Images", "goal", lambda event: self._open_category("goal")) self.menu_row(0.50, "Goal Images", "goal", lambda event: self.open_category("goal"))
self._make_button([0.08, 0.34, 0.32, 0.12], "Shenanigans Image", lambda event: self._open_shenanigans()) self.make_button([0.08, 0.34, 0.32, 0.12], "Shenanigans Image", lambda event: self.open_shenanigans())
self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() self.figure.canvas.draw_idle()
def _open_category(self, category): def open_category(self, category):
self.current_category = category self.current_category = category
self.current_index = 0 self.current_index = 0
self._show_browser() self.show_browser()
def _open_shenanigans(self): def open_shenanigans(self):
src_paths = self.image_sets.get("source", []) src_paths = self.image_sets.get("source", [])
goal_paths = self.image_sets.get("goal", []) goal_paths = self.image_sets.get("goal", [])
if not src_paths or not goal_paths: if not src_paths or not goal_paths:
@@ -109,77 +109,77 @@ class ImageInterface:
importlib.reload(transition) importlib.reload(transition)
except Exception: except Exception:
pass pass
if not hasattr(transition, "transform_images"): if not hasattr(transition, "show_image_transition"):
return return
transition.transform_images(src_path, goal_path) transition.show_image_transition(src_path, goal_path)
def _selected_image_name(self, category): def selected_image_name(self, category):
selected_index = self.selected_indices.get(category) selected_index = self.selected_indices.get(category)
image_paths = self.image_sets.get(category, []) image_paths = self.image_sets.get(category, [])
if selected_index is None or not image_paths: if selected_index is None or not image_paths:
return None return None
safe_index = max(0, min(selected_index, len(image_paths) - 1)) safe_index = max(0, min(selected_index, len(image_paths) - 1))
return Path(image_paths[safe_index]).name return Path(image_paths[safe_index]).name
def _menu_label(self, base_label, category=None): def menu_label(self, base_label, category=None):
if category is None: if category is None:
return base_label return base_label
selected_name = self._selected_image_name(category) selected_name = self.selected_image_name(category)
if selected_name is None: if selected_name is None:
return base_label return base_label
return f"{base_label} - {selected_name}" return f"{base_label} - {selected_name}"
def _menu_row(self, y, label, category, callback): def menu_row(self, y, label, category, callback):
self._make_button([0.08, y, 0.32, 0.12], label, callback) self.make_button([0.08, y, 0.32, 0.12], label, callback)
selected_name = self._selected_image_name(category) selected_name = self.selected_image_name(category)
if selected_name is not None: if selected_name is not None:
self.figure.text(0.44, y + 0.055, f"- {selected_name}", color=self.colors["text"], va="center", ha="left", fontsize=11) self.figure.text(0.44, y + 0.055, f"- {selected_name}", color=self.colors["text"], va="center", ha="left", fontsize=11)
def _select_current_image(self): def select_current_image(self):
if self.current_category in ("source", "goal"): if self.current_category in ("source", "goal"):
self.selected_indices[self.current_category] = self.current_index self.selected_indices[self.current_category] = self.current_index
self._show_menu() self.show_menu()
def _close_interface(self): def close_interface(self):
if self.figure is not None: if self.figure is not None:
plt.close(self.figure) plt.close(self.figure)
def _show_browser(self): def show_browser(self):
self._clear_layout() self.clear_layout()
self.figure.patch.set_facecolor(self.colors["figure"]) self.figure.patch.set_facecolor(self.colors["figure"])
self.figure.suptitle(self.current_category.replace("_", " ").title(), fontsize=16, color=self.colors["text"]) self.figure.suptitle(self.current_category.replace("_", " ").title(), fontsize=16, color=self.colors["text"])
self.image_axis, self.list_axis = self.figure.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [3, 1]}) self.image_axis, self.list_axis = self.figure.subplots(1, 2, gridspec_kw={"width_ratios": [3, 1]})
self._refresh_browser_view() self.refresh_browser_view()
self._make_button([0.02, 0.02, 0.12, 0.06], "Back", lambda event: self._show_menu()) self.make_button([0.02, 0.02, 0.12, 0.06], "Back", lambda event: self.show_menu())
if self.current_category in ("source", "goal"): if self.current_category in ("source", "goal"):
self._make_button([0.76, 0.10, 0.18, 0.06], "Select", lambda event: self._select_current_image()) self.make_button([0.76, 0.10, 0.18, 0.06], "Select", lambda event: self.select_current_image())
self._make_button([0.76, 0.02, 0.08, 0.06], "<", lambda event: self.previous_image()) self.make_button([0.76, 0.02, 0.08, 0.06], "<", lambda event: self.previous_image())
self._make_button([0.86, 0.02, 0.08, 0.06], ">", lambda event: self.next_image()) self.make_button([0.86, 0.02, 0.08, 0.06], ">", lambda event: self.next_image())
self.figure.subplots_adjust(left=0.05, right=0.95, bottom=0.12, top=0.90, wspace=0.22) self.figure.subplots_adjust(left=0.05, right=0.95, bottom=0.12, top=0.90, wspace=0.22)
self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() self.figure.canvas.draw_idle()
def _refresh_browser_view(self): def refresh_browser_view(self):
images = self.image_sets.get(self.current_category, []) images = self.image_sets.get(self.current_category, [])
current_image = self._open_image(images, self.current_index) current_image = self.open_image(images, self.current_index)
category_title = self.current_category.replace("_", " ").title() if self.current_category else "Images" category_title = self.current_category.replace("_", " ").title() if self.current_category else "Images"
self._draw_image_panel(self.image_axis, current_image, f"{category_title} {self.current_index + 1}/{max(len(images), 1)}") self.draw_image_panel(self.image_axis, current_image, f"{category_title} {self.current_index + 1}/{max(len(images), 1)}")
self._draw_list_panel(self.list_axis, images, self.current_index) self.draw_list_panel(self.list_axis, images, self.current_index)
self.figure.canvas.draw_idle() self.figure.canvas.draw_idle()
def _step_image(self, delta): def step_image(self, delta):
images = self.image_sets.get(self.current_category, []) images = self.image_sets.get(self.current_category, [])
if images: if images:
self.current_index = (self.current_index + delta) % len(images) self.current_index = (self.current_index + delta) % len(images)
self._refresh_browser_view() self.refresh_browser_view()
def next_image(self): def next_image(self):
self._step_image(1) self.step_image(1)
def previous_image(self): def previous_image(self):
self._step_image(-1) self.step_image(-1)
def _on_key_press(self, event): def on_key_press(self, event):
if self.current_category is None: if self.current_category is None:
if event.key in ("escape", "q"): if event.key in ("escape", "q"):
self._close_interface() self.close_interface()
return return
if event.key in ("right", "d"): if event.key in ("right", "d"):
self.next_image() self.next_image()
elif event.key in ("left", "a"): elif event.key in ("left", "a"):
self.previous_image() self.previous_image()
elif event.key == "escape": elif event.key == "escape":
self._show_menu() self.show_menu()
def render(self): def render(self):
self._show_menu() self.show_menu()
plt.show() plt.show()
def launch_interface(): def launch_interface():
+55 -62
View File
@@ -4,75 +4,68 @@ from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.tri import Triangulation from matplotlib.tri import Triangulation
from image_preparing import fix_image_resolution from image_preparing import resize_image_to_resolution
import time import time
transformation_resolution = (1600, 1200) transformation_resolution = (1600, 1200)
def auto_correspondences_grid(pil, nx=8, ny=6): def create_grid_correspondences(image, nx=8, ny=6):
w, h = pil.size w, h = image.size
xs = np.linspace(0, w - 1, nx) xs = np.linspace(0, w - 1, nx)
ys = np.linspace(0, h - 1, ny) ys = np.linspace(0, h - 1, ny)
pts = [] pts = []
for y in ys: for y in ys:
for x in xs: for x in xs:
pts.append([float(x), float(y)]) pts.append([float(x), float(y)])
corners = [[0.0, 0.0], [w - 1.0, 0.0], [w - 1.0, h - 1.0], [0.0, h - 1.0]] return np.array(pts, dtype=float).copy()
for c in corners: def calculate_delaunay_triangles(points):
if c not in pts: tri = Triangulation(points[:, 0], points[:, 1])
pts.insert(0, c)
return np.array(pts, dtype=float), np.array(pts, dtype=float).copy()
def compute_delaunay_on_points(pts):
pts = np.asarray(pts)
tri = Triangulation(pts[:, 0], pts[:, 1])
return tri.triangles return tri.triangles
def _affine_coeffs(from_tri, to_tri): def calculate_affine_coefficients(from_triangle, to_triangle):
A = [] A = []
B = [] B = []
for (x_dst, y_dst), (x_src, y_src) in zip(from_tri, to_tri): for (x_dst, y_dst), (x_src, y_src) in zip(from_triangle, to_triangle):
A.append([x_dst, y_dst, 1, 0, 0, 0]) A.append([x_dst, y_dst, 1, 0, 0, 0])
A.append([0, 0, 0, x_dst, y_dst, 1]) A.append([0, 0, 0, x_dst, y_dst, 1])
B.append(x_src) B.append(x_src)
B.append(y_src) B.append(y_src)
sol, *_ = np.linalg.lstsq(np.array(A), np.array(B), rcond=None) sol, *_ = np.linalg.lstsq(np.array(A), np.array(B), rcond=None)
return tuple(sol.tolist()) return tuple(sol.tolist())
def _warp_triangle(src_pil, src_tri, dst_tri, out_size, offset): def warp_triangle(source_image, source_triangle, destination_triangle, output_size, offset):
dx, dy = offset dx, dy = offset
dst_local = np.array(dst_tri) - np.array([dx, dy]) destination_local = np.array(destination_triangle) - np.array([dx, dy])
coeffs = _affine_coeffs(dst_local, src_tri) coefficients = calculate_affine_coefficients(destination_local, source_triangle)
return src_pil.transform(out_size, Image.AFFINE, coeffs, resample=Image.BILINEAR) return source_image.transform(output_size, Image.AFFINE, coefficients, resample=Image.BILINEAR)
def reconstruct_goal_from_source(src_pil, pts1, pts2): def reconstruct_goal_from_source(source_image, source_points, destination_points):
w, h = src_pil.size w, h = source_image.size
pts1 = np.asarray(pts1) triangles = calculate_delaunay_triangles(destination_points)
pts2 = np.asarray(pts2)
triangles = compute_delaunay_on_points(pts2)
out = Image.new("RGB", (w, h)) out = Image.new("RGB", (w, h))
for tri in triangles: for tri in triangles:
tri = np.asarray(tri, dtype=int) tri = np.asarray(tri, dtype=int)
src_tri = pts1[tri] source_triangle = source_points[tri]
dst_tri = pts2[tri] destination_triangle = destination_points[tri]
min_x = max(int(np.floor(dst_tri[:, 0].min())), 0) min_x = max(int(np.floor(destination_triangle[:, 0].min())), 0)
max_x = min(int(np.ceil(dst_tri[:, 0].max())), w) max_x = min(int(np.ceil(destination_triangle[:, 0].max())), w)
min_y = max(int(np.floor(dst_tri[:, 1].min())), 0) min_y = max(int(np.floor(destination_triangle[:, 1].min())), 0)
max_y = min(int(np.ceil(dst_tri[:, 1].max())), h) max_y = min(int(np.ceil(destination_triangle[:, 1].max())), h)
if max_x <= min_x or max_y <= min_y: if max_x <= min_x or max_y <= min_y:
continue continue
out_w = max_x - min_x out_w = max_x - min_x
out_h = max_y - min_y out_h = max_y - min_y
warped = _warp_triangle(src_pil, src_tri, dst_tri, (out_w, out_h), (min_x, min_y)) warped = warp_triangle(source_image, source_triangle, destination_triangle, (out_w, out_h), (min_x, min_y))
mask = Image.new("L", (out_w, out_h), 0) mask = Image.new("L", (out_w, out_h), 0)
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(mask) draw = ImageDraw.Draw(mask)
tri_local = [(x - min_x, y - min_y) for x, y in dst_tri.tolist()] tri_local = [(x - min_x, y - min_y) for x, y in destination_triangle.tolist()]
draw.polygon(tri_local, fill=255) draw.polygon(tri_local, fill=255)
out.paste(warped, (min_x, min_y), mask) out.paste(warped, (min_x, min_y), mask)
return out return out
def transform_images(src_path, goal_path): def show_image_transition(source_path, goal_path):
src = fix_image_resolution(src_path, size=transformation_resolution) src = resize_image_to_resolution(source_path, size=transformation_resolution)
goal = fix_image_resolution(goal_path, size=transformation_resolution) goal = resize_image_to_resolution(goal_path, size=transformation_resolution)
start = time.time() start = time.time()
image = tile_reposition_transition(src, goal, grid=transformation_resolution) image = reposition_image_tiles(src, goal, grid=transformation_resolution)
end = time.time() end = time.time()
print(f"Transition took {end - start:.2f} seconds") print(f"Transition took {end - start:.2f} seconds")
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6), facecolor="black") fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6), facecolor="black")
@@ -81,32 +74,32 @@ def transform_images(src_path, goal_path):
ax.imshow(image, cmap=None) ax.imshow(image, cmap=None)
ax.axis("off") ax.axis("off")
def _close_on_key(event): def close_transition_on_key(event):
if event.key in ("q", "escape"): if event.key in ("q", "escape"):
plt.close(fig) plt.close(fig)
fig.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", _close_on_key) fig.canvas.mpl_connect("key_press_event", close_transition_on_key)
plt.show() plt.show()
def _grid_edges(size, divisions): def calculate_grid_edges(size, divisions):
return np.rint(np.linspace(0, size, divisions + 1)).astype(np.int32) return np.rint(np.linspace(0, size, divisions + 1)).astype(np.int32)
def _build_tile_boxes_and_centers(w, h, nx, ny): def build_tile_boxes_and_centers(width, height, columns, rows):
x_edges = _grid_edges(w, nx) x_edges = calculate_grid_edges(width, columns)
y_edges = _grid_edges(h, ny) y_edges = calculate_grid_edges(height, rows)
x0 = np.repeat(x_edges[:-1], ny) x0 = np.repeat(x_edges[:-1], rows)
x1 = np.repeat(x_edges[1:], ny) x1 = np.repeat(x_edges[1:], rows)
y0 = np.tile(y_edges[:-1], nx) y0 = np.tile(y_edges[:-1], columns)
y1 = np.tile(y_edges[1:], nx) y1 = np.tile(y_edges[1:], columns)
boxes = np.stack([x0, y0, x1, y1], axis=1) boxes = np.stack([x0, y0, x1, y1], axis=1)
centers = np.stack([(x0 + x1) * 0.5, (y0 + y1) * 0.5], axis=1).astype(np.float32) centers = np.stack([(x0 + x1) * 0.5, (y0 + y1) * 0.5], axis=1).astype(np.float32)
areas = np.maximum((x1 - x0) * (y1 - y0), 1).astype(np.float32) areas = np.maximum((x1 - x0) * (y1 - y0), 1).astype(np.float32)
return boxes, centers, areas return boxes, centers, areas
def _integral_image_rgb(arr): def calculate_integral_image_rgb(array):
integral = arr.cumsum(axis=0).cumsum(axis=1) integral = array.cumsum(axis=0).cumsum(axis=1)
return np.pad(integral, ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0)), mode="constant", constant_values=0) return np.pad(integral, ((1, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0)), mode="constant", constant_values=0)
def _tile_means_from_integral(integral, boxes, areas): def calculate_tile_means(integral, boxes, areas):
x0 = boxes[:, 0] x0 = boxes[:, 0]
y0 = boxes[:, 1] y0 = boxes[:, 1]
x1 = boxes[:, 2] x1 = boxes[:, 2]
@@ -119,16 +112,16 @@ def _tile_means_from_integral(integral, boxes, areas):
+ integral[y0, x0] + integral[y0, x0]
) )
return sums / areas[:, None] return sums / areas[:, None]
def _match_tiles_by_feature_rank(src_avgs, src_centers, goal_avgs, goal_centers, w, h): def match_tiles_by_feature_rank(source_averages, source_centers, goal_averages, goal_centers, width, height):
color_scale = 255.0 * np.sqrt(3.0) color_scale = 255.0 * np.sqrt(3.0)
spatial_scale = max(np.hypot(w, h), 1e-6) spatial_scale = max(np.hypot(width, height), 1e-6)
src_feat = np.hstack([ src_feat = np.hstack([
src_avgs / color_scale, source_averages / color_scale,
(src_centers / spatial_scale) * 0.35, (source_centers / spatial_scale) * 0.35,
]) ])
goal_feat = np.hstack([ goal_feat = np.hstack([
goal_avgs / color_scale, goal_averages / color_scale,
(goal_centers / spatial_scale) * 0.35, (goal_centers / spatial_scale) * 0.35,
]) ])
@@ -137,24 +130,24 @@ def _match_tiles_by_feature_rank(src_avgs, src_centers, goal_avgs, goal_centers,
src_order = np.argsort(src_feat @ projection) src_order = np.argsort(src_feat @ projection)
goal_order = np.argsort(goal_feat @ projection) goal_order = np.argsort(goal_feat @ projection)
return src_order, goal_order return src_order, goal_order
def tile_reposition_transition(src_pil, goal_pil, grid=transformation_resolution): def reposition_image_tiles(source_image, goal_image, grid=transformation_resolution):
src = src_pil.convert("RGB") src = source_image.convert("RGB")
goal = goal_pil.convert("RGB") goal = goal_image.convert("RGB")
w, h = src.size w, h = src.size
nx, ny = grid nx, ny = grid
src_boxes, src_centers, src_areas = _build_tile_boxes_and_centers(w, h, nx, ny) src_boxes, src_centers, src_areas = build_tile_boxes_and_centers(w, h, nx, ny)
goal_boxes, goal_centers, goal_areas = _build_tile_boxes_and_centers(w, h, nx, ny) goal_boxes, goal_centers, goal_areas = build_tile_boxes_and_centers(w, h, nx, ny)
src_arr = np.asarray(src, dtype=np.float32) src_arr = np.asarray(src, dtype=np.float32)
goal_arr = np.asarray(goal, dtype=np.float32) goal_arr = np.asarray(goal, dtype=np.float32)
src_integral = _integral_image_rgb(src_arr) src_integral = calculate_integral_image_rgb(src_arr)
goal_integral = _integral_image_rgb(goal_arr) goal_integral = calculate_integral_image_rgb(goal_arr)
src_avgs = _tile_means_from_integral(src_integral, src_boxes, src_areas) src_avgs = calculate_tile_means(src_integral, src_boxes, src_areas)
goal_avgs = _tile_means_from_integral(goal_integral, goal_boxes, goal_areas) goal_avgs = calculate_tile_means(goal_integral, goal_boxes, goal_areas)
src_order, goal_order = _match_tiles_by_feature_rank( src_order, goal_order = match_tiles_by_feature_rank(
src_avgs, src_avgs,
src_centers, src_centers,
goal_avgs, goal_avgs,