dcrubro/skalacoin
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Actions Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Monero-style emission

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
DcruBro
2026-03-29 23:30:31 +02:00
parent 0d7adc39e0
commit 50e357d8a2
6 changed files with 106 additions and 184 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

6
include/block/chain.h
View File

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include <constants.h>
#include <uint256.h>
typedef struct { typedef struct {
DynArr* blocks; DynArr* blocks;
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ bool Chain_IsValid(blockchain_t* chain);
void Chain_Wipe(blockchain_t* chain); void Chain_Wipe(blockchain_t* chain);
// I/O // I/O
bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath); bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath, uint256_t currentSupply);
bool Chain_LoadFromFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath); bool Chain_LoadFromFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath, uint256_t* outCurrentSupply);
#endif #endif

17
include/constants.h
View File

@@ -7,21 +7,24 @@
#define DECIMALS 1000000000000ULL #define DECIMALS 1000000000000ULL
#define EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR 20 #define EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR 20
const uint64_t M_CAP = 18446744073709551615ULL; // Max uint64 static const uint64_t M_CAP = 18446744073709551615ULL; // Max uint64
const uint64_t TAIL_EMISSION = (uint64_t)(1.0 * DECIMALS); // Emission floor is 1.0 coins per block static const uint64_t TAIL_EMISSION = DECIMALS; // Emission floor is 1.0 coins per block
// No max supply. Instead of halving, it'll follow a more gradual, Monero-like emission curve. // No max supply. Instead of halving, it'll follow a more gradual, Monero-like emission curve.
static uint256_t currentSupply = {{0, 0, 0, 0}}; // Global variable to track total supply; updated with each block mined
static inline uint64_t CalculateBlockReward(uint256_t currentSupply, uint64_t height) { static inline uint64_t CalculateBlockReward(uint256_t currentSupply, uint64_t height) {
// Inclusive of block 0 // Inclusive of block 0
(void)height;
if (current_supply.limbs[1] > 0 || if (currentSupply.limbs[1] > 0 ||
current_supply.limbs[2] > 0 || currentSupply.limbs[2] > 0 ||
current_supply.limbs[3] > 0 || currentSupply.limbs[3] > 0 ||
current_supply.limbs[0] >= M_CAP) { currentSupply.limbs[0] >= M_CAP) {
return TAIL_EMISSION; return TAIL_EMISSION;
} }
uint64_t supply_64 = current_supply.limbs[0]; uint64_t supply_64 = currentSupply.limbs[0];
// Formula: (M - Supply) >> 2^k - lifted from Monero's codebase (thanks guys!) // Formula: (M - Supply) >> 2^k - lifted from Monero's codebase (thanks guys!)
uint64_t reward = (M_CAP - supply_64) >> EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR; uint64_t reward = (M_CAP - supply_64) >> EMISSION_SPEED_FACTOR;

10
src/block/chain.c
View File

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void Chain_Wipe(blockchain_t* chain) {
} }
} }
bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath) { bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath, uint256_t currentSupply) {
// To avoid stalling the chain from peers, write after every block addition (THAT IS VERIFIED) // To avoid stalling the chain from peers, write after every block addition (THAT IS VERIFIED)
if (!chain || !chain->blocks || !EnsureDirectoryExists(dirpath)) { if (!chain || !chain->blocks || !EnsureDirectoryExists(dirpath)) {
@@ -145,6 +145,8 @@ bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath) {
// Write last block hash (32 bytes of zeros for now) // Write last block hash (32 bytes of zeros for now)
uint8_t zeroHash[32] = {0}; uint8_t zeroHash[32] = {0};
fwrite(zeroHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile); fwrite(zeroHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile);
uint256_t zeroSupply = {0};
fwrite(&zeroSupply, sizeof(uint256_t), 1, metaFile);
// TODO: Potentially some other things here, we'll see // TODO: Potentially some other things here, we'll see
} }
@@ -210,13 +212,14 @@ bool Chain_SaveToFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath) {
Block_CalculateHash(lastBlock, lastHash); Block_CalculateHash(lastBlock, lastHash);
fwrite(lastHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile); fwrite(lastHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile);
} }
fwrite(&currentSupply, sizeof(uint256_t), 1, metaFile);
fclose(metaFile); fclose(metaFile);
return true; return true;
} }
bool Chain_LoadFromFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath) { bool Chain_LoadFromFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath, uint256_t* outCurrentSupply) {
if (!chain || !chain->blocks || !dirpath) { if (!chain || !chain->blocks || !dirpath || !outCurrentSupply) {
return false; return false;
} }
@@ -240,6 +243,7 @@ bool Chain_LoadFromFile(blockchain_t* chain, const char* dirpath) {
fread(&savedSize, sizeof(size_t), 1, metaFile); fread(&savedSize, sizeof(size_t), 1, metaFile);
uint8_t lastSavedHash[32]; uint8_t lastSavedHash[32];
fread(lastSavedHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile); fread(lastSavedHash, sizeof(uint8_t), 32, metaFile);
fread(outCurrentSupply, sizeof(uint256_t), 1, metaFile);
fclose(metaFile); fclose(metaFile);
// TODO: Might add a flag to allow reading from a point onward, but just rewrite for now // TODO: Might add a flag to allow reading from a point onward, but just rewrite for now

171
src/main.c
View File

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
#include <block/chain.h> #include <block/chain.h>
#include <block/transaction.h> #include <block/transaction.h>
#include <openssl/sha.h> #include <openssl/sha.h>
#include <secp256k1.h>
#include <stdbool.h> #include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h> #include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> #include <string.h>
#include <time.h> #include <time.h>
#include <randomx/librx_wrapper.h> #include <randomx/librx_wrapper.h>
#include <signal.h> #include <signal.h>
#include <constants.h>
#ifndef CHAIN_DATA_DIR #ifndef CHAIN_DATA_DIR
#define CHAIN_DATA_DIR "chain_data" #define CHAIN_DATA_DIR "chain_data"
#endif #endif
@@ -68,43 +70,6 @@ static uint32_t CompactTargetForExpectedHashes(double expectedHashes) {
return (0x1fU << 24) | (mantissa & 0x007fffffU); return (0x1fU << 24) | (mantissa & 0x007fffffU);
} }
static bool GenerateKeypair(
const secp256k1_context* ctx,
uint8_t outPrivateKey[32],
uint8_t outCompressedPublicKey[33]
) {
if (!ctx || !outPrivateKey || !outCompressedPublicKey) {
return false;
}
secp256k1_pubkey pubkey;
for (size_t i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) {
arc4random_buf(outPrivateKey, 32);
if (!secp256k1_ec_seckey_verify(ctx, outPrivateKey)) {
continue;
}
if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_create(ctx, &pubkey, outPrivateKey)) {
continue;
}
size_t serializedLen = 33;
if (!secp256k1_ec_pubkey_serialize(
ctx,
outCompressedPublicKey,
&serializedLen,
&pubkey,
SECP256K1_EC_COMPRESSED
)) {
continue;
}
return serializedLen == 33;
}
return false;
}
static bool MineBlock(block_t* block) { static bool MineBlock(block_t* block) {
if (!block) { if (!block) {
return false; return false;
@@ -126,6 +91,10 @@ int main(void) {
signal(SIGINT, handle_sigint); signal(SIGINT, handle_sigint);
const char* chainDataDir = CHAIN_DATA_DIR; const char* chainDataDir = CHAIN_DATA_DIR;
const uint64_t blocksToMine = 10;
const double targetSeconds = 90.0;
uint256_t currentSupply = uint256_from_u64(0);
// Init RandomX // Init RandomX
if (!RandomX_Init("minicoin", false)) { // TODO: Use a key that is not hardcoded; E.g. hash of the last block, every thousand blocks, difficulty recalibration, etc. if (!RandomX_Init("minicoin", false)) { // TODO: Use a key that is not hardcoded; E.g. hash of the last block, every thousand blocks, difficulty recalibration, etc.
@@ -139,8 +108,7 @@ int main(void) {
return 1; return 1;
} }
// Attempt read if (!Chain_LoadFromFile(chain, chainDataDir, &currentSupply)) {
if (!Chain_LoadFromFile(chain, chainDataDir)) {
printf("No existing chain loaded from %s\n", chainDataDir); printf("No existing chain loaded from %s\n", chainDataDir);
} }
@@ -166,60 +134,22 @@ int main(void) {
} }
} }
secp256k1_context* secpCtx = secp256k1_context_create(SECP256K1_CONTEXT_SIGN | SECP256K1_CONTEXT_VERIFY); const double hps = MeasureRandomXHashrate();
if (!secpCtx) { const double expectedHashes = (hps > 0.0) ? (hps * targetSeconds) : 65536.0;
fprintf(stderr, "failed to create secp256k1 context\n"); const uint32_t calibratedBits = CompactTargetForExpectedHashes(expectedHashes);
Chain_Destroy(chain);
return 1;
}
uint8_t senderPrivateKey[32]; printf("RandomX benchmark: %.2f H/s, target %.0fs, nBits=0x%08x\n",
uint8_t receiverPrivateKey[32]; hps,
uint8_t senderCompressedPublicKey[33]; targetSeconds,
uint8_t receiverCompressedPublicKey[33]; calibratedBits);
if (!GenerateKeypair(secpCtx, senderPrivateKey, senderCompressedPublicKey) || uint8_t minerAddress[32];
!GenerateKeypair(secpCtx, receiverPrivateKey, receiverCompressedPublicKey)) { SHA256((const unsigned char*)"minicoin-miner-1", strlen("minicoin-miner-1"), minerAddress);
fprintf(stderr, "failed to generate keypairs\n");
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain);
return 1;
}
// Coinbase TX - no signature needed, one per block
signed_transaction_t coinbaseTx;
memset(&coinbaseTx, 0, sizeof(coinbaseTx));
coinbaseTx.transaction.version = 1;
coinbaseTx.transaction.amount = 50; // Block reward
coinbaseTx.transaction.fee = 0;
SHA256(receiverCompressedPublicKey, 33, coinbaseTx.transaction.recipientAddress);
memset(coinbaseTx.transaction.compressedPublicKey, 0x00, 33); // No public key for coinbase
memset(coinbaseTx.transaction.senderAddress, 0xFF, 32); // Coinbase marker
// Test TX
signed_transaction_t tx;
memset(&tx, 0, sizeof(tx));
tx.transaction.version = 1;
tx.transaction.amount = 100;
tx.transaction.fee = 1;
SHA256(senderCompressedPublicKey, 33, tx.transaction.senderAddress);
SHA256(receiverCompressedPublicKey, 33, tx.transaction.recipientAddress);
memcpy(tx.transaction.compressedPublicKey, senderCompressedPublicKey, 33);
Transaction_Sign(&tx, senderPrivateKey);
if (!Transaction_Verify(&tx)) {
fprintf(stderr, "signed transaction did not verify\n");
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain);
RandomX_Destroy();
return 1;
}
for (uint64_t mined = 0; mined < blocksToMine; ++mined) {
block_t* block = Block_Create(); block_t* block = Block_Create();
if (!block) { if (!block) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to create block\n"); fprintf(stderr, "failed to create block\n");
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain); Chain_Destroy(chain);
RandomX_Destroy(); RandomX_Destroy();
return 1; return 1;
@@ -227,7 +157,6 @@ int main(void) {
block->header.version = 1; block->header.version = 1;
block->header.blockNumber = (uint64_t)Chain_Size(chain); block->header.blockNumber = (uint64_t)Chain_Size(chain);
// Get prevHash from last block if exists
if (Chain_Size(chain) > 0) { if (Chain_Size(chain) > 0) {
block_t* lastBlock = Chain_GetBlock(chain, Chain_Size(chain) - 1); block_t* lastBlock = Chain_GetBlock(chain, Chain_Size(chain) - 1);
if (lastBlock) { if (lastBlock) {
@@ -240,32 +169,22 @@ int main(void) {
} }
memset(block->header.merkleRoot, 0, sizeof(block->header.merkleRoot)); memset(block->header.merkleRoot, 0, sizeof(block->header.merkleRoot));
block->header.timestamp = (uint64_t)time(NULL); block->header.timestamp = (uint64_t)time(NULL);
block->header.difficultyTarget = calibratedBits;
const double hps = MeasureRandomXHashrate();
const double targetSeconds = 10.0;
const double expectedHashes = (hps > 0.0) ? (hps * targetSeconds) : 65536.0;
block->header.difficultyTarget = CompactTargetForExpectedHashes(expectedHashes);
block->header.nonce = 0; block->header.nonce = 0;
printf("RandomX benchmark: %.2f H/s, target %.0fs, nBits=0x%08x\n", signed_transaction_t coinbaseTx;
hps, memset(&coinbaseTx, 0, sizeof(coinbaseTx));
targetSeconds, coinbaseTx.transaction.version = 1;
block->header.difficultyTarget); coinbaseTx.transaction.amount = CalculateBlockReward(currentSupply, block->header.blockNumber);
coinbaseTx.transaction.fee = 0;
memcpy(coinbaseTx.transaction.recipientAddress, minerAddress, sizeof(minerAddress));
memset(coinbaseTx.transaction.compressedPublicKey, 0, sizeof(coinbaseTx.transaction.compressedPublicKey));
memset(coinbaseTx.transaction.senderAddress, 0xFF, sizeof(coinbaseTx.transaction.senderAddress));
Block_AddTransaction(block, &coinbaseTx); Block_AddTransaction(block, &coinbaseTx);
printf("Added coinbase transaction to block: recipient %02x... -> amount %lu\n",
coinbaseTx.transaction.recipientAddress[0], coinbaseTx.transaction.recipientAddress[31],
coinbaseTx.transaction.amount);
Block_AddTransaction(block, &tx);
printf("Added transaction to block: sender %02x... -> recipient %02x..., amount %lu, fee %lu\n",
tx.transaction.senderAddress[0], tx.transaction.senderAddress[31],
tx.transaction.recipientAddress[0], tx.transaction.recipientAddress[31],
tx.transaction.amount, tx.transaction.fee);
if (!MineBlock(block)) { if (!MineBlock(block)) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to mine block within nonce range\n"); fprintf(stderr, "failed to mine block within nonce range\n");
Block_Destroy(block); Block_Destroy(block);
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain); Chain_Destroy(chain);
RandomX_Destroy(); RandomX_Destroy();
return 1; return 1;
@@ -274,41 +193,35 @@ int main(void) {
if (!Chain_AddBlock(chain, block)) { if (!Chain_AddBlock(chain, block)) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to append block to chain\n"); fprintf(stderr, "failed to append block to chain\n");
Block_Destroy(block); Block_Destroy(block);
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain); Chain_Destroy(chain);
RandomX_Destroy(); RandomX_Destroy();
return 1; return 1;
} }
printf("Mined block %llu with nonce %llu and chain size %zu\n", (void)uint256_add_u64(&currentSupply, coinbaseTx.transaction.amount);
(unsigned long long)block->header.blockNumber,
(unsigned long long)block->header.nonce,
Chain_Size(chain));
printf("Block hash (SHA256): ");
uint8_t blockHash[32]; uint8_t blockHash[32];
Block_CalculateHash(block, blockHash); Block_CalculateHash(block, blockHash);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) { printf("Mined block %llu/%llu (height=%llu) nonce=%llu reward=%llu supply=%llu hash=%02x%02x%02x%02x...\n",
printf("%02x", blockHash[i]); (unsigned long long)(mined + 1),
(unsigned long long)blocksToMine,
(unsigned long long)block->header.blockNumber,
(unsigned long long)block->header.nonce,
(unsigned long long)coinbaseTx.transaction.amount,
(unsigned long long)currentSupply.limbs[0],
blockHash[0], blockHash[1], blockHash[2], blockHash[3]);
} }
printf("\nBlock hash (RandomX): ");
uint8_t randomXHash[32];
Block_CalculateRandomXHash(block, randomXHash);
for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
printf("%02x", randomXHash[i]);
}
printf("\n");
if (!Chain_SaveToFile(chain, chainDataDir)) { if (!Chain_SaveToFile(chain, chainDataDir, currentSupply)) {
fprintf(stderr, "failed to save chain to %s\n", chainDataDir); fprintf(stderr, "failed to save chain to %s\n", chainDataDir);
} else { } else {
printf("Saved chain with %zu blocks to %s\n", Chain_Size(chain), chainDataDir); printf("Saved chain with %zu blocks to %s (supply=%llu)\n",
Chain_Size(chain),
chainDataDir,
(unsigned long long)currentSupply.limbs[0]);
} }
// Chain currently stores a copy of block_t that references the same tx array pointer,
// so we do not destroy `block` here to avoid invalidating chain data.
secp256k1_context_destroy(secpCtx);
Chain_Destroy(chain); Chain_Destroy(chain);
RandomX_Destroy();
return 0; return 0;
} }