add fee-aware mining, coinbase validation, and reorg-safe orphan handling

Mining: blocks now include mempool txs, select spendable txs by fee, and pay coinbase as base reward + fees in main.c.
 - Consensus: block validation now enforces coinbase accounting and rejects invalid coinbase placement, including coinbase on amount2, in block.c and transaction.c.
 - Chain state: rollback now rebuilds currentSupply/currentReward, and block addition preflights spendability before mutating balances in chain.c.
 - Orphans/reorgs: orphan retry is safer, rollback-triggered sync reattaches orphans immediately, and transient orphan failures no longer drop blocks in orphan_pool.c and main.c.
 - Networking/mempool: node lifecycle now initializes the mempool, broadcasts can exclude one peer, and mempool snapshotting supports mining selection in net_node.c and txmempool.c.
 - Ledger simulation: added non-mutating spendable-transaction selection for block assembly in balance_sheet.c.

src/txmempool.c

@@ -1,14 +1,21 @@
 #include <txmempool.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+static pthread_mutex_t g_txMempoolLock;
+static bool g_txMempoolLockInitialized = false;
 
 khash_t(tx_mempool_map_m)* txMempool = NULL;
 
 void TxMempool_Init() {
     txMempool = kh_init(tx_mempool_map_m);
+    pthread_mutex_init(&g_txMempoolLock, NULL);
+    g_txMempoolLockInitialized = true;
 }
 
 int TxMempool_Insert(signed_transaction_t tx) {
     if (!txMempool) { return -1; }
 
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_txMempoolLock);
     uint8_t txHash[32];
     Transaction_CalculateHash(&tx, txHash);
 
@@ -18,17 +25,21 @@ int TxMempool_Insert(signed_transaction_t tx) {
     int ret;
     khiter_t k = kh_put(tx_mempool_map_m, txMempool, key, &ret);
     if (k == kh_end(txMempool)) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
         return -1;
     }
 
     kh_value(txMempool, k) = tx;
 
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+
     return ret;
 }
 
 bool TxMempool_Lookup(uint8_t* txHash, signed_transaction_t* out) {
     if (!txMempool || !txHash || !out) { return false; }
     
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_txMempoolLock);
     key32_t key;
     memcpy(key.bytes, txHash, 32);
 
@@ -36,15 +47,65 @@ bool TxMempool_Lookup(uint8_t* txHash, signed_transaction_t* out) {
     if (k != kh_end(txMempool)) {
         signed_transaction_t tx = kh_value(txMempool, k);
         memcpy(out, &tx, sizeof(signed_transaction_t));
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
         return true;
     }
 
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
     return false;
 }
 
+bool TxMempool_Snapshot(signed_transaction_t** outTxs, size_t* outCount) {
+    if (!outTxs || !outCount) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *outTxs = NULL;
+    *outCount = 0;
+
+    if (!txMempool) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+
+    size_t count = 0;
+    khiter_t k;
+    for (k = kh_begin(txMempool); k != kh_end(txMempool); ++k) {
+        if (kh_exist(txMempool, k)) {
+            ++count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (count == 0) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    signed_transaction_t* snapshot = (signed_transaction_t*)malloc(count * sizeof(signed_transaction_t));
+    if (!snapshot) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t index = 0;
+    for (k = kh_begin(txMempool); k != kh_end(txMempool); ++k) {
+        if (kh_exist(txMempool, k)) {
+            snapshot[index++] = kh_value(txMempool, k);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+
+    *outTxs = snapshot;
+    *outCount = count;
+    return true;
+}
+
 void TxMempool_Print() {
     if (!txMempool) { return; }
 
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&g_txMempoolLock);
     khiter_t k;
     for (k = kh_begin(txMempool); k != kh_end(txMempool); ++k) {
         if (kh_exist(txMempool, k)) {
@@ -62,10 +123,19 @@ void TxMempool_Print() {
                 (unsigned long long)tx.transaction.fee);
         }
     }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
 }
 
 void TxMempool_Destroy() {
     if (txMempool) {
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&g_txMempoolLock);
         kh_destroy(tx_mempool_map_m, txMempool);
+        txMempool = NULL;
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_txMempoolLock);
+    }
+
+    if (g_txMempoolLockInitialized) {
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&g_txMempoolLock);
+        g_txMempoolLockInitialized = false;
     }
 }