basic movement

include/game/agame/background.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <object/entity.hpp>
+#include <renderer/texture.hpp>
+#include <renderer/font.hpp>
+#include <object/sound.hpp>
+
+namespace Game::AGame {
+    class Background : public Object::Entity {
+        using Object::Entity::Entity;
+
+        public:
+            ~Background() override = default;
+            void start() override;
+            void update(float deltaTime) override;
+
+        private:
+            Object::Sound mSound;
+    };
+}

include/game/agame/camcontroller.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <object/entity.hpp>
+#include <renderer/texture.hpp>
+#include <renderer/font.hpp>
+#include <object/sound.hpp>
+
+namespace Game::AGame {
+    class CamController : public Object::Entity {
+        using Object::Entity::Entity;
+
+        public:
+            ~CamController() override = default;
+            void start() override;
+            void update(float deltaTime) override;
+            void onWindowResized(int newWidth, int newHeight) override {
+                mScreenW = newWidth;
+                mScreenH = newHeight;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            float mSpeed = 200.f; // Pixels per second
+            int mScreenW, mScreenH;
+            int mEdgeTolerance = 200;
+    };
+}

include/game/agame/player.hpp

@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@ namespace Game::AGame {
 
         private:
             Object::Sound mSound;
+            float mSpeed = 200.f; // Pixels per second
     };
 }

include/game/gamemanager.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
+#include <object/camera.hpp>
 
 namespace Game {
     using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ namespace Game {
             void setTargetUpdatesPerSecond(int target) { mTargetUpdatesPerSecond = target; }
             int getTargetUpdatesPerSecond() { return mTargetUpdatesPerSecond; }
         private:
-            int mTargetUpdatesPerSecond = 60;
+            int mTargetUpdatesPerSecond = TARGET_UPDATE_RATE;
             clock::time_point mLastUpdate;
     };
 }

include/object/camera.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utils.hpp>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace Game::Object {
+    class Camera {
+        public:
+            Camera() = default;
+            DISABLE_COPY_AND_MOVE(Camera)
+            ~Camera() = default;
+
+            static Camera& getInstance();
+
+            void setPosition(float x, float y);
+            void getPosition(float& x, float& y) const;
+            void move(float deltaX, float deltaY);
+        
+        private:
+            mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+            float mX = 0.0f;
+            float mY = 0.0f;
+    };
+}

include/object/entity.hpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <SDL3_image/SDL_image.h>
 #include <utility>
 #include <memory>
+#include <renderer/renderer.hpp>
 
 namespace Game::Renderer {
     class Renderer;
@@ -24,9 +25,12 @@ namespace Game::Object {
             Entity& operator=(Entity&&) noexcept;
             virtual ~Entity() = 0;
 
+            // Start is called when the entity is spawned
             virtual void start() = 0;
+            // Update is called every update cycle; deltaTime is the time (in seconds) since the last update call
             virtual void update(float deltaTime) = 0;
-            void render(Game::Renderer::Renderer* renderer);
+            virtual void onWindowResized(int newWidth, int newHeight) {} // Called when the window is resized, with the new width and height in pixels
+            void render(Game::Renderer::Renderer* renderer, Game::Renderer::RendererConfig config);
 
             // Setters and getters
             void setTexture(std::shared_ptr<Game::Renderer::Texture> tex) { mTex = tex; }
@@ -37,12 +41,15 @@ namespace Game::Object {
             std::string getName() { return mName; }
             Transform* getTransform() { return &mTransform; }
             bool isActive() { return mIsActive; }
+            int getZIndex() const { return mZIndex; }
+
         protected:
             std::string mName;
             std::shared_ptr<Game::Renderer::Texture> mTex;
             Transform mTransform;
             bool mIsActive;
+            int mZIndex = 0; // For rendering order; higher zIndex renders on top of lower zIndex
+            float mTiledScale = 1.f; // Only used if the texture is tiled, to determine how much to scale the texture when rendering (since the entire texture is rendered as a single tile, this is necessary to be able to have different sized tiles)
         private:
-            float mScaleConstant = 0.25f;
     };
 }

include/object/transform.hpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ namespace Game::Object {
         float x, y;
         float rotation; // In degrees, clockwise
         float scaleX, scaleY;
+        float adjustedScaleX() const { return scaleX * UNIVERSAL_SCALE_COEFFICIENT; }
+        float adjustedScaleY() const { return scaleY * UNIVERSAL_SCALE_COEFFICIENT; }
     } Transform;
 
     constexpr Transform DEFAULT_TRANSFORM{0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};

include/renderer/renderer.hpp

@@ -6,6 +6,13 @@
 #include <utils.hpp>
 
 namespace Game::Renderer {
+    typedef struct {
+        float camX;
+        float camY;
+        int screenW;
+        int screenH;
+    } RendererConfig;
+
     class Renderer {
         public:
             Renderer();

include/renderer/texture.hpp

@@ -19,9 +19,13 @@ namespace Game::Renderer {
             std::string getId();
             float getWidth();
             float getHeight();
+            bool isTiled() { return mIsTiled; }
+            void setTiled(bool tiled) { mIsTiled = tiled; }
 
         protected:
             SDL_Texture* mTex;
             std::string mId;
+        private:
+            bool mIsTiled = false; // Whether the texture is a tileset that should be rendered as a single tile or not
     };
 }

include/state/gamestate.hpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 #include <memory>
+#include <functional>
 #include <utils.hpp>
 #include <object/entity.hpp>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -18,6 +19,10 @@ namespace Game::State {
                 fn(mEntities);
             }
 
+            void sort(); // Sort entities by zIndex for correct rendering order
+            Object::Entity* getEntityByName(const std::string& name); // Get an entity by name, returns nullptr if no entity with the name exists
+            std::vector<Object::Entity*> getEntitiesSnapshot(bool sortByZIndex = false); // Get a stable snapshot of entity pointers for iteration outside the lock
+
             // Update entity at index, by REFERENCE.
             Object::Entity* getAtIndex(size_t at);
             // Add an entity to the gamestate.

include/utils.hpp

@@ -35,3 +35,6 @@
     SDL_GetTicks() / 1000.f
 
 #define PI 3.14159265358979323846f
+#define UNIVERSAL_SCALE_COEFFICIENT 0.25f
+#define TARGET_FPS 60
+#define TARGET_UPDATE_RATE 60

include/window/window.hpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <game/gamemanager.hpp>
 #include <audio/audio.hpp>
 #include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
 
 namespace Game::Window {
     class Window {
@@ -25,18 +26,20 @@ namespace Game::Window {
             void setTargetFPS(int fps) { mTargetFPS = fps; }
             int getTargetFPS() { return mTargetFPS; }
 
-            static SDL_Window* getSDLWindowBackend() { return sWindowBackend; }
+            static SDL_Window* getSDLWindowBackend() { std::scoped_lock lock(sMutex); return sWindowBackend; }
 
-            Renderer::Renderer* getRenderer() { return &mRenderer; }
+            Renderer::Renderer* getRenderer() { std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex); return &mRenderer; }
 
         private:
+            mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+            static std::mutex sMutex;
             static inline SDL_Window* sWindowBackend = nullptr;
             SDL_Window* mWindow;
             Renderer::Renderer mRenderer;
             Game::GameManager mGameManager;
             std::jthread mGameThread;
             bool mRunning;
-            int mTargetFPS = 60;
+            int mTargetFPS = TARGET_FPS;
             size_t mFrameCount = 0;
             std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point mLastFPSTime;
     };

src/game/agame/background.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include <game/agame/background.hpp>
+#include <window/window.hpp>
+
+namespace Game::AGame {
+    void Background::start() {
+        mZIndex = -1; // Ensure background renders behind other entities
+        mTex->setTiled(true); // Set the background texture to be tiled
+        mTiledScale = 0.5f;
+        int w, h;
+        SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(Window::Window::getSDLWindowBackend(), &w, &h);
+
+        mTransform.scaleX *= 10.f;
+        mTransform.scaleY *= 10.f;
+
+        mTransform.x -= mTex->getWidth() * mTransform.adjustedScaleX() / 2.f;
+        mTransform.y -= mTex->getHeight() * mTransform.adjustedScaleY() / 2.f;
+
+        LOG("W: " << w << " H: " << h);
+
+        mSound.~Sound();
+    }
+
+    void Background::update(float deltaTime) {
+        if (!mIsActive) return;
+        //mTransform.rotation += 1.f; // Rotate clockwise for testing
+        //mTransform.scaleX = 1.f + 1.f * std::sin(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
+        //mTransform.scaleY = 1.f + 0.5f * std::cos(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
+
+        //Object::Camera::getInstance().move(1.f, 0.f);
+    }
+}

src/game/agame/camcontroller.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include <game/agame/camcontroller.hpp>
+#include <window/window.hpp>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <object/camera.hpp>
+#include <state/gamestate.hpp>
+
+namespace Game::AGame {
+    void CamController::start() {
+        mTex = nullptr; // No texture
+        SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(Window::Window::getSDLWindowBackend(), &mScreenW, &mScreenH);
+    }
+
+    void CamController::update(float deltaTime) {
+        if (!mIsActive) return;
+        Object::Entity* player = Game::State::GameState::getInstance().getEntityByName("Player"); // We get the pointer every frame, otherwise we might get screwed by vector reallocs
+        if (!player) return; // If the player doesn't exist, don't do anything
+
+        float playerX = player->getTransform()->x;
+        float playerY = player->getTransform()->y;
+        float camX, camY;
+        Object::Camera::getInstance().getPosition(camX, camY);
+
+        // Apply tolerance from the edges of the screen, so the camera doesn't immediately start moving when the player moves a little bit
+        float leftBound = camX - mScreenW / 2.f + mEdgeTolerance;
+        float rightBound = camX + mScreenW / 2.f - mEdgeTolerance;
+        float topBound = camY - mScreenH / 2.f + mEdgeTolerance;
+        float bottomBound = camY + mScreenH / 2.f - mEdgeTolerance;
+
+        if (playerX < leftBound) {
+            Object::Camera::getInstance().move(-mSpeed * deltaTime, 0.f);
+        } else if (playerX > rightBound) {
+            Object::Camera::getInstance().move(mSpeed * deltaTime, 0.f);
+        }
+
+        if (playerY < topBound) {
+            Object::Camera::getInstance().move(0.f, -mSpeed * deltaTime);
+        } else if (playerY > bottomBound) {
+            Object::Camera::getInstance().move(0.f, mSpeed * deltaTime);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/game/agame/player.cpp

@@ -5,26 +5,33 @@
 namespace Game::AGame {
     void Player::start() {
         mSound = Object::Sound("../resources/example.wav", Object::Format::WAV);
-        mSound.play();
+        //mSound.play();
         
         int w, h;
         SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(Window::Window::getSDLWindowBackend(), &w, &h);
 
-        mTransform.x = w / 2.f - (mTex->getWidth() / 2.f * mTransform.scaleX * 0.25f); // Start in the middle of the screen
-        mTransform.y = h / 2.f - (mTex->getHeight() / 2.f * mTransform.scaleY * 0.25f);
-        mTransform.rotation = 0.f;
+        mTransform.x -= mTex->getWidth() * mTransform.adjustedScaleX() / 2.f;
+        mTransform.y -= mTex->getHeight() * mTransform.adjustedScaleY() / 2.f;
 
         LOG("W: " << w << " H: " << h);
+
+        mSound.~Sound();
     }
 
     void Player::update(float deltaTime) {
         if (!mIsActive) return;
-        //LOG("Updated Player");
-        //mTransform.x += 1.f; // Move right at a constant speed for testing
-        mTransform.rotation += 1.f; // Rotate clockwise for testing
-        //LOG(mName << " position: " << mTransform.x << ' ' << mTransform.y);
-        //LOG("DeltaTime: " << deltaTime);
-        mTransform.scaleX = 1.f + 1.f * std::sin(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
-        mTransform.scaleY = 1.f + 0.5f * std::cos(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
+        //mTransform.rotation += 1.f; // Rotate clockwise for testing
+        //mTransform.scaleX = 1.f + 1.f * std::sin(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
+        //mTransform.scaleY = 1.f + 0.5f * std::cos(RUNNING_TIME() / 0.5f); // Pulsate scale for testing
+
+        //Object::Camera::getInstance().move(1.f, 0.f);
+
+        // Simple movement
+        const bool* state = SDL_GetKeyboardState(nullptr);
+
+        if (state[SDL_SCANCODE_W]) mTransform.y -= mSpeed * deltaTime;
+        if (state[SDL_SCANCODE_S]) mTransform.y += mSpeed * deltaTime;
+        if (state[SDL_SCANCODE_A]) mTransform.x -= mSpeed * deltaTime;
+        if (state[SDL_SCANCODE_D]) mTransform.x += mSpeed * deltaTime;
     }
 }

src/game/gamemanager.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ namespace Game {
     void GameManager::run(std::stop_token stopToken) {
         using namespace std::chrono_literals;
         LOG("GameManager thread started");
+        Object::Camera::getInstance().setPosition(0.f, 0.f); // Start with camera at (0, 0)
 
         mLastUpdate = clock::now(); // Get the update
 
@@ -18,11 +19,12 @@ namespace Game {
             const auto frameStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
             try {
-                State::GameState::getInstance().withEntitiesLocked([seconds](auto& entities) {
-                    for (auto& entity : entities) {
+                auto entities = State::GameState::getInstance().getEntitiesSnapshot();
+                for (auto* entity : entities) {
+                    if (entity) {
                         entity->update(seconds);
                     }
-                });
+                }
             } catch (const std::exception& e) {
                 ERROR("Exception in GameManager thread: " << e.what());
             }

src/main.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 #include <object/entity.hpp>
 #include <object/transform.hpp>
 #include <game/agame/player.hpp>
+#include <game/agame/background.hpp>
+#include <game/agame/camcontroller.hpp>
 #include <renderer/renderer.hpp>
 #include <renderer/texture.hpp>
 #include <renderer/font.hpp>
@@ -14,7 +16,10 @@ int main() {
     Window::Window window = Window::Window();
     window.init(1280, 720, "Game Window");
 
+    State::GameState::getInstance().addEntity(std::make_unique<AGame::CamController>("Camera Controller", nullptr, Object::DEFAULT_TRANSFORM));
+
     //Object::Transform t1{100.f, 100.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f};
+    State::GameState::getInstance().addEntity(std::make_unique<AGame::Background>("BG", std::make_shared<Game::Renderer::Texture>("../resources/bgtest.png", window.getRenderer()->getSDLRenderer()), Object::DEFAULT_TRANSFORM));
     State::GameState::getInstance().addEntity(std::make_unique<AGame::Player>("Player", std::make_shared<Game::Renderer::Texture>("../resources/missing_texture.png", window.getRenderer()->getSDLRenderer()), Object::DEFAULT_TRANSFORM));
     //State::GameState::getInstance().addEntity(std::make_unique<AGame::Player>("Player2", std::make_shared<Game::Renderer::Font>("../resources/roboto.ttf", window.getRenderer()->getSDLRenderer(), 128, "Roboto"), t1));
 

src/object/camera.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <object/camera.hpp>
+
+namespace Game::Object {
+    Camera& Camera::getInstance() {
+        static Camera instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    void Camera::setPosition(float x, float y) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+        mX = x;
+        mY = y;
+    }
+
+    void Camera::getPosition(float& x, float& y) const {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+        x = mX;
+        y = mY;
+    }
+
+    void Camera::move(float deltaX, float deltaY) {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+        mX += deltaX;
+        mY += deltaY;
+    }
+}

src/object/entity.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 #include <object/entity.hpp>
 #include <renderer/renderer.hpp>
 #include <renderer/texture.hpp>
+#include <object/camera.hpp>
+#include <window/window.hpp>
+#include <cmath>
 
 namespace Game::Object {
     Entity::~Entity() = default;
@@ -35,19 +38,20 @@ namespace Game::Object {
         return *this;
     }
 
-    void Entity::render(Game::Renderer::Renderer* renderer) {
+    void Entity::render(Game::Renderer::Renderer* renderer, Game::Renderer::RendererConfig config) {
         if (!mIsActive || !mTex) return; // Don't render if not active or if there's no texture
 
+        if (!mTex->isTiled()) {
             float w, h;
             SDL_GetTextureSize(mTex->getSDLTexture(), &w, &h);
 
             SDL_FRect dst;
-        dst.w = w * mTransform.scaleX * mScaleConstant; // 1.f is HUGE, so this is just a constant to make the default scale more reasonable
-        dst.h = h * mTransform.scaleY * mScaleConstant;
+            dst.w = w * mTransform.scaleX * UNIVERSAL_SCALE_COEFFICIENT; // 1.f is HUGE, so this is just a constant to make the default scale more reasonable
+            dst.h = h * mTransform.scaleY * UNIVERSAL_SCALE_COEFFICIENT;
 
-        // Top-left origin
-        dst.x = mTransform.x;
-        dst.y = mTransform.y;
+            // Top-left origin; Account for camera position (center the camera on the screen)
+            dst.x = mTransform.x - config.camX + config.screenW / 2.f;
+            dst.y = mTransform.y - config.camY + config.screenH / 2.f;
 
             SDL_FPoint center;
             center.x = dst.w / 2.f;
@@ -62,5 +66,36 @@ namespace Game::Object {
                 &center,
                 SDL_FLIP_NONE
             );
+        } else {
+            // Tiled rendering - render the texture repeatedly to fill the area defined by the entity's transform
+            // We assume that we always render scaleX by scaleY tiles, and that the texture should be rendered at its original size (i.e., the scaleX and scaleY of the entity only affect how many times the texture is tiled, not the size of each tile)
+            float tileW, tileH;
+            SDL_GetTextureSize(mTex->getSDLTexture(), &tileW, &tileH);
+
+            SDL_FRect dst;
+            dst.w = tileW * mTiledScale; // Tile size is the original texture size multiplied by the universal scale coefficient (ignoring the entity's scale, since that only affects how many times the texture is tiled, not the size of each tile)
+            dst.h = tileH * mTiledScale;
+
+            // Top-left origin; Account for camera position (center the camera on the screen)
+            dst.x = mTransform.x - config.camX + config.screenW / 2.f;
+            dst.y = mTransform.y - config.camY + config.screenH / 2.f;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < mTransform.scaleX; i++) {
+                for (int j = 0; j < mTransform.scaleY; j++) {
+                    SDL_RenderTextureRotated(
+                        renderer->getSDLRenderer(),
+                        mTex->getSDLTexture(),
+                        nullptr,
+                        &dst,
+                        mTransform.rotation,
+                        nullptr, // No rotation center since each tile is rendered independently
+                        SDL_FLIP_NONE
+                    );
+                    dst.y += dst.h; // Move down for the next tile in the column
+                }
+                dst.y = mTransform.y - config.camY + config.screenH / 2.f; // Reset y to the top of the column
+                dst.x += dst.w; // Move right for the next column of tiles
+            }
+        }
     }
 }

src/object/sound.cpp

@@ -128,6 +128,8 @@ namespace Game::Object {
             }
             mAudioStream = nullptr;
         }
+
+        LOG("Destroyed Sound");
     }
 
     void Sound::play() {

src/renderer/renderer.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include <utils.hpp>
 #include <state/gamestate.hpp>
 #include <object/entity.hpp>
+#include <window/window.hpp>
+#include <object/camera.hpp>
 
 namespace Game::Renderer {
     Renderer::Renderer() : mRenderer(nullptr) {}
@@ -39,12 +41,20 @@ namespace Game::Renderer {
     void Renderer::renderFrame() {
         mClear();
         
+        float camX, camY;
+        Object::Camera::getInstance().getPosition(camX, camY);
+        int screenW, screenH;
+        SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(Window::Window::getSDLWindowBackend(), &screenW, &screenH);
+        // Pass the config to avoid wasting time recalculating it for every entity, since it's not gonna change during the frame
+        RendererConfig config{ camX, camY, screenW, screenH };
+
         try {
-            Game::State::GameState::getInstance().withEntitiesLocked([this](auto& entities) {
-                for (auto& entity : entities) {
-                    entity->render(this);
+            auto entities = Game::State::GameState::getInstance().getEntitiesSnapshot(true);
+            for (auto* entity : entities) {
+                if (entity) {
+                    entity->render(this, config);
+                }
             }
-            });
         } catch (const std::exception& e) {
             ERROR("Exception while rendering frame: " << e.what());
         }

src/state/gamestate.cpp

@@ -13,11 +13,49 @@ namespace Game::State {
     }
     
     void GameState::addEntity(std::unique_ptr<Object::Entity> entity) {
+        Object::Entity* addedEntity = nullptr;
+        {
             std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex); // Lock the mutex for thread safety
             mEntities.push_back(std::move(entity));
+            addedEntity = mEntities.back().get();
+        }
 
-        Object::Entity* addedEntity = mEntities.back().get();
-        addedEntity->start(); // Initialize the entity immediately after insertion.
+        addedEntity->start(); // Initialize the entity after insertion without holding the GameState lock.
         LOG("Added entity '" << addedEntity->getName() << "' to GameState");
     }
+
+    void GameState::sort() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex); // Lock the mutex for thread safety
+        std::sort(mEntities.begin(), mEntities.end(), [](const std::unique_ptr<Object::Entity>& a, const std::unique_ptr<Object::Entity>& b) {
+            return a->getZIndex() < b->getZIndex();
+        });
+    }
+
+    Object::Entity* GameState::getEntityByName(const std::string& name) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex); // Lock the mutex for thread safety
+        for (const auto& entity : mEntities) {
+            if (entity->getName() == name) {
+                return entity.get();
+            }
+        }
+        return nullptr; // Return nullptr if no entity with the name exists
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Object::Entity*> GameState::getEntitiesSnapshot(bool sortByZIndex) {
+        std::vector<Object::Entity*> snapshot;
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        snapshot.reserve(mEntities.size());
+        for (const auto& entity : mEntities) {
+            snapshot.push_back(entity.get());
+        }
+
+        if (sortByZIndex) {
+            std::sort(snapshot.begin(), snapshot.end(), [](Object::Entity* a, Object::Entity* b) {
+                return a->getZIndex() < b->getZIndex();
+            });
+        }
+
+        return snapshot;
+    }
 }

src/window/window.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <window/window.hpp>
 
 namespace Game::Window {
+    std::mutex Window::sMutex;
+
     Window::Window() : mWindow(nullptr), mRenderer(), mGameManager(), mRunning(false) { }
 
     Window::~Window() {
@@ -64,19 +66,28 @@ namespace Game::Window {
     void Window::run() {
         SDL_Event event;
         while (mRunning) {
+            SDL_PumpEvents();
             while (SDL_PollEvent(&event)) {
                 if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT) {
                     mRunning = false;
                 }
 
-                // Handle other events (e.g., keyboard, mouse) here
-            }
+                // Window resize event - update the renderer's viewport
+                if (event.type == SDL_EVENT_WINDOW_RESIZED) {
+                    std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
+                    SDL_SetRenderViewport(mRenderer.getSDLRenderer(), nullptr);
 
-            /*
-            auto entities = State::GameState::getInstance().getEntitiesRef();
-            for (auto& entity : *entities) {
-                entity->update();
-            }*/
+                    // Notify entities of the window resize so they can adjust if necessary
+                    int newWidth, newHeight;
+                    SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels(mWindow, &newWidth, &newHeight);
+                    auto entities = State::GameState::getInstance().getEntitiesSnapshot();
+                    for (auto* entity : entities) {
+                        if (entity) {
+                            entity->onWindowResized(newWidth, newHeight);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
 
             mRenderer.renderFrame();
             SDL_Delay(1000 / mTargetFPS); // Delay to cap the frame rate to the target FPS